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© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer–Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Modular methods that transform Byzantine consensus protocols for the synchronous model into ones that are fast and communication efficient in failure–free executions are presented. Small and short protocol segments called layers are custom designed to act as a highly efficient preliminary stage that solves Consensus if no failures occur. When composed with a Byzantine consensus protocol of choice, they allow considerable control over the tradeoff in the combined protocol’s behavior in the presence of failures and its performance in their absence. In failure–free executions, they are more efficient than all existing Byzantine consensus protocols. In the presence of failures, they incur a small cost over the complexity of the original consensus protocol being transformed. A key ingredient underlying the efficiency of the new layers is the judicious use of null messages for broadcasting information in failure–free runs. In particular, the notion of a silent validation round, which implements such a broadcast, is defined and used in several ways.
